内蒙古杭锦旗生态环境时空变化的遥感监测与评价

随着生态环境问题的日益突出和全球化,人们越来越注重环境保护,而且遥感技术在生态环境监测和评价中发挥着重要作用。本研究基于1992、2000、2008和2017年的Landsat影像数据,构建遥感生态指数(RSEI),对内蒙古杭锦旗的生态环境质量进行监测和评价,以期为该区生态环境保护提供理论依据。结果表明: 1992—2017年,杭锦旗的生态环境质量总体较差,其RSEI等级以差和较差为主;RSEI均值从0.31(1992年)上升到0.37(2008年),再下降至0.30(2017年),期间生态等级变化均以变化1个等级为主。在空间分布上,杭锦旗生态环境质量较差的区域主要分布在中西部的荒漠平原区,生态质量较好的区域主要分布在黄河沿岸和东南部,生态质量等级变化波动较大的区域主要分布在沙漠边缘、黄河沿岸和东部的丘陵沟壑区。研究期间,杭锦旗各生态等级的重心转移幅度较大,时空波动较明显。总之,杭锦旗生态环境脆弱、不稳定,生态建设对生态环境的改善有一定促进作用,同时也要合理地配置资源和利用土地。

Remote sensing monitoring and evaluation of spatial and temporal changes of ecological environment in Hangjin Banner,Inner Mongolia,China

With the ecological environment problems being increasingly prominent and globalized, more and more attention is paid to environmental protection. Remote sensing technology is important in monitoring and evaluating ecological environment. In this study, based on the Landsat image data of 1992, 2000, 2008 and 2017, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) was constructed to monitor and evaluate the quality of ecological environment in Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for local ecological environment protection. The results showed that from 1992 to 2017, the quality of ecological environment in Hangjin Banner was generally poor, with RESI grades of poor and inferior. The mean value of RESI increased from 0.31 (1992) to 0.37 (2008) and then decreased to 0.30 (2017). During the period, the change range was mainly from one grade to the next. In terms of spatial distribution, the regions with poor ecological environment quality were mainly in the desert plains of the central and western regions, that with good ecological quality mainly along the Yellow River and in the southeast, and that with large fluctuation of ecological quality grade mainly in the desert edge along the Yellow River and in the hilly and gully regions in the east. During the research period, the center of gravity of each ecological grade in Hangjin Banner substantially shifted, with spatiotemporal fluctuations. Our results suggest that ecological environment of Hangjin Banner was fragile and unstable. Ecological construction can promote the quality of ecological environment, but resources and land use should also be reasonably allocated.