天保工程转移支付的森林生态效益及其影响机制

天保工程政策对天然林资源保护恢复工作具有重要意义,但是如何发挥天保工程转移支付对森林生态效益的作用机制目前还没有确切答案。本研究基于2011—2017年《中国林业统计年鉴》的面板数据,以森林管护面积和森林抚育面积作为衡量森林生态效益的指标,采用空间滞后模型和中介效应模型分析重点国有林区天保工程转移支付资金对森林生态效益的影响机制。结果表明: 二期天保工程中重点国有林区的森林资源生态效益状况逐年变好,并且各森林工业分局的森林资源生态效益存在显著的空间溢出效应;天保工程转移支付资金对重点国有林区的森林资源生态效益具有显著的促进作用,其中人力资本水平的提升和一线管护站的建设存在部分中介效应。因此,建议中央加大对天保工程转移支付资金的投入,并且林业管理部门应在提升人力资本水平与建设一线管护站两方面提高资金使用比例。

Ecological benefits of transfer payment of natural forest protection projects and their impact mechanisms

The policy of natural forest protection project (NFPP) is of great significance to the protection and restoration of natural forests. It remains unclear about how to play the role of NFPP transfer payment in forest ecological benefits. Based on panel data of “China Forestry Statistical Yearbook” from 2011 to 2017, we used forest management area and forest tending area as indicators to measure forest ecological benefits, and used spatial lag model and intermediary effect model to analyze the impacts of the transfer payment funds of NFPP on the forest ecological benefits in key state-owned forest areas. The results showed that forest ecological benefits in the key state-owned forest areas in the second phase of NFPP had improved year by year. There was a significant spatial spillover effect of forest ecological benefits of forestry bureaus. The transfer funds of NFPP had a significant positive effect on the ecological benefits of forest resources in key state-owned forest areas. There was a partial intermediary effect between the improvement of human capital and the establishment of first-line management and protection stations. The central government should increase investment in the transfer payment funds of NFPP. Forest administrations should increase the proportion of funds used in improving human capital and establishing first-line management and protection stations.