东北三省水稻生长季农业气候资源及障碍型冷害的时空特征

基于东北三省1981—2017年逐日地面观测资料和农业气象观测站水稻生育期资料,结合水稻障碍型冷害指标,分析东北三省水稻生长季特别是孕穗-开花期光、温、降水资源以及障碍型冷害的时空分布特征。结果表明: 1981—2017年,东北三省水稻生长季农业气候资源呈暖干变暗趋势,≥10 ℃活动积温和日照时数增幅分别为73.5 ℃·d·(10 a)^-1和17.7 h·(10 a)^-1,降水量减幅为8.9 mm·(10 a)^-1。水稻孕穗期,农业气候资源呈暖干变暗趋势,日平均温度升幅为0.27 ℃·(10 a)^-1,日照时数和降水量降幅分别为2.06 h·(10 a)^-1和1.90 mm·(10 a)^-1;水稻开花期,农业气候资源呈暖湿变暗趋势,日平均温度增幅为0.12 ℃·(10 a)^-1,日照时数减幅为0.83 h·(10 a)^-1,与孕穗期相反,水稻开花期降水量呈增加趋势,增幅为1.35 mm·(10 a)^-1。气候变暖背景下,水稻障碍型冷害发生频率和强度在大部分地区呈减少趋势,发生频率和强度存在显著的年代际变化特征。研究期间,黑龙江省孕穗开花期发生障碍型冷害次数最多,强度最高,吉林省次之,辽宁省最少。

Spatial-temporal characteristics of agricultural climate resources and sterile-type chilling injury in rice growing season in three provinces of Northeast China

Based on daily meteorological data and agro-meteorological data in three provinces of Northeast China during 1981-2017, combined with chilling injury indices, we analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of solar, heat, precipitation resources and sterile-type chilling injury in rice growing season, especially in the booting and flowering stages. In 1981-2017, agriculture climatic resources in rice growing season showed a warming, drying and darkening trend. Accumulated temperature (≥10 ℃) and sunshine hours increased with a rate of 73.5 ℃·d·(10 a)^-1 and 17.7 h·(10 a)^-1 respectively, while precipitation decreased with a rate of 8.9 mm·(10 a)^-1. At the booting stage, agricultural climatic resources showed a warming, drying and dar-kening trend. Daily average temperature increased 0.27 ℃·(10 a)^-1 and sunshine hours and preci-pitation decreased 2.06 h·(10 a)^-1 and 1.90 mm·(10 a)^-1 respectively. At the flowering stage, agricultural climatic resources showed a trend of warming, wetting and darkening. Daily average temperature increased with a rate of 0.12 ℃·(10 a)^-1, while sunshine hours decreased with a rate of 0.83 h·(10 a)^-1. In contrast to that at the booting stage, precipitation in the flowering stage increased with a rate of 1.35 mm·(10 a)^-1. Under the background of climate warming, the frequency and intensity of rice sterile-type chil-ling injury decreased in most regions, with significant inter-decadal fluctuations. During the study period, the frequency and intensity of sterile-type chil-ling injury were the highest in Heilongjiang Province, moderate in Jilin Province, and the lowest in Liaoning Province.