大麦小穗结构与开花特性研究──雄蕊在开闭花过程中的生长动态和结构变化

开花前，雄蕊花丝细胞中的淀粉等物质水解，细胞水势下降而吸胀，花丝伸长。随着＂小花轴＂中物质的输入，细胞进一步吸水膨大，花丝迅速伸长，花丝维管束中的导管被拉断，薄壁细胞内膜系统崩解，细胞自溶，降解物质＂撤回＂，＂小花轴＂被重新分配利用。开花后，花药表面大量失水，药壁开裂传粉。不育系雄蕊花药药隔小、发育不良，绒毡层发育和行为异常，其花药通常为空药室或花粉败育。用可育系花粉对不育系小花授粉，其小花能逐渐关闭。

EFFECT OF BARLEY STAMENT ON OPENING AND CLOSING-LEMMA

The connectiOn of the anther vvas always small and mal-developed in the sterile line,The tape-tle cells degenerated earlier than the fertile line,so the loculi of the anther sac were empty,Some-times there were sterile grains in the pollen sac.Prior to the opening of the floret, the increasing osmotic pressure made the cell swell,the fila-ment elongated with the vapid elongation of each cell,the vessel inside the filarnent also elongatedfully because of the substances being hydrated,such as starch etc,in each anther cell.So that theextended spiral rings and the separated annular rings of the secondary wall of the vessel be seen ob-viously in the filament.It was also observed that the parenchyma cells in a filament were broken,and that the degradatlon products from the cell's autolysis backed into the floret axis and were usedagain.When flowering time came,the anther wall cells of the mature anther gradually lost moisture,drved and died,as a result,they contracted. As the contraction was especially notable on the epi-dermis side at the tip of the hairpins, the entire anther wall was drawn towards the outside,and thetissue was broken at the part which was especially weak in structure at the slit between the two lo-culi.This led to the anther wall of the loculi on both sides wraping outside and the pollen grains re-jecting outward.The experinment also showed that the closing of the floret were related to the pollination andthe fertilization.