东灵山地区动物对辽东栎坚果的捕食和传播Ⅰ.排除啮齿目动物对坚果丢失的影响

动物对辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.)坚果的捕食被认为是影响辽东栎坚果命运的主要因素，因此直接影响幼苗的建立和自然更新。在东灵山一个落叶阔叶林中调查了辽东栎坚果被脊椎动物转运和就地消耗状况。在排除部分小型啮齿目动物前后，辽东栎坚果的丢失动态曲线不同。到实验结束时，基本上所有放置的辽东栎坚果都消失了。排除动物前的曲线上有一个拐点，而排除动物后的丢失曲线上有多个拐点。两曲线相似的地方是：最初一两天辽东栎坚果的丢失非常迅速。排除小型啮齿目动物对辽东栎坚果的丢失有影响，然而坚果尺寸和微生境条件对坚果的丢失没有影响。任意2个因子的交互作用以及3个因子的交互作用对辽东栎坚果的丢失也都没有影响。排除啮齿目动物和坚果尺寸对辽东栎坚果的就地消耗有影响，微生境以及其它因子的交互作用对坚果的就地消耗没有影响。在9月份3d捕鼠的时间里，共捕到啮齿目动物3种：大林姬鼠(Apodemus speciosus)、社鼠(Niviveniter confucianus )和花鼠(Tantias sibiricus)。研究结果表明，尽管啮齿目动物的排除能够降低辽东栎坚果的丢失速度，但它们(或者和其它的脊椎动物一起)有足够的能力将辽东栎坚果捕食或搬运到其它地方分散埋藏或将它们搬运到它们的洞穴中用作漫长冬季的主要食物来源。

Predation and dispersal of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.acorns by animals in Dongling Mountain,Northern China

Acorn predation and dispersal by vertebrate was regarded as a main factor influencing the fate of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.acorns and hence the recruitment and establishment of seedling in the field.The loss of Q.liaotungensis acorns was experimentally examined in a broad leaved deciduous forest in Dongling Mountain,Northern China.Both before trapping and after trapping rodents,the loss rates of acorns are very great in the beginning of acorn placement,with a inflexion in the loss curve before rodent removal and several inflexions after rodent removal.By the end of this experiment,almost all acorns disappeared.The loss of acorn was significantly greater before rodents removal than after rodents removal.However microhabitats and acorn size had no effect on acorn loss.The 2 way interactions between any two factors and the 3 way interaction had no effects on acorn loss.For the consumption of acorns in situ, the differences both between before rodents removal and after rodents removal,and between big and small acorns are significant.The effect of other factors and interactions are similar to that for acorn loss.Three rodent species were trapped by acorn baited snap traps randomly set up in the ground of the forest in september.These results suggested that small rodents were responsible in some degree for the acorns loss and they (together with other and birds)have the great capability to transport acorns to their nests or scatterhoarded in others places.