重庆市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

评价了重庆市近几年来森林生态系统服务功能价值,将重庆市森林生态系统服务功能划分为提供产品功能、调节功能、支持功能及文化服务功能4大类,以2006年为基准年,利用市场价值法和生产成本法等,定量评价重庆市森林生态系统服务功能的经济价值。结果表明:从2006年至2011年,森林产品提供功能由35.14亿元增加至51.24亿元,提高了45.82%。森林碳储量增长了近100万t。重庆市森林生态系统涵养水源价值增加了59.21亿元。森林生态系统的土壤保持能力与保持总量都有所提高。气候调节价值净增加了45.86亿元。2011年森林工程引发旅游业收入增加68.34亿元。从不同的服务功能类型来看,其价值量大小依次为:水源涵养气候调节景观旅游生物多样性土壤保持碳固定。从研究结果来看,重庆市森林生态系统服务功能价值巨大,该结果有利于加强人们对森林生态系统的认识,可以为生态系统管理、生态保护和生态补偿提供依据。

Value assessment of the function of the forest ecosystem services in Chongqing

Forest ecosystem provides mankind with many important products and services. However, man is not fully aware of the significance its services. Consequently, man has exploited the forest resources predatorily and managed them extensively, which in turn leads to the decrease of the size of forest and the weakening of the various services provided by the forest ecosystem. According to the characteristics and structure of the forest ecosystem of Chongqing, this paper divides the forest ecosystem services into four categories-provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services and cultural services. Taking the year of 2006 as the base year, this paper assesses seven ecosystem services provide by Chongqing forest ecosystem and evaluates qualitatively their economic values with recourse to market value method and production cost method. The research findings are as follows: the provisioning services of forest products have increased 45.82%, from 3.514 billion yuan in 2006 to 5.124 billion yuan in 2011. Forest carbon storage totals 62902000 tons, nearly an increase of 1million tons from the year of 2006. The water conservation value of the forest ecosystem in Chongqing is 97.711 billion yuan in 2006, whereas it reaches 103.632 billion yuan in 2011, an increase of 5.921 billion yuan. The erosion control capacity and quantity have also increased. The climiate regulation value has increased to 91.344 billion yuan in 2011 from 95.930 billion yuan in 2006, a net increase of 4.586 billion yuan. The total value of landscape tourism was 45.06 billion yuan in 2006, whereas it has increased to 70.2billion yuan in 2011. the net increase was 6.834billion yuan. Therefore, it is safe to say that the Project of Forest Chongqing has brought limited direct economic value, but it has contributed tremendous to the development of tourism in Chongqing. In terms of types of services, the value order goes as follows: Water Conservation > climate regulation > Landscape Tourism > Biodiversity Conservation > Soil Conservation > Carbon Sequestration. Since the forest ecosystem of Chongqing is highly valuable, more effort should be made to make people aware of the significance of the forest ecosystem. The research findings of the paper can provide scientific basis for the management, protection and compensation of ecosystem.