长岛自然保护区生态系统维护的条件价值评估

长岛自然保护区是典型的海岛自然保护区,迅速发展的捕捞业、养殖业和旅游业不可避免地引起环境污染和资源过度利用等问题,使长岛生态系统可持续发展面临严峻挑战。采用支付卡式的条件价值法,调查并估算了2013年居民和游客对维护长岛自然保护区生态系统的支付意愿,并与2008年的研究结果比较以检验条件价值法的可靠性。结果显示,2013年居民和游客人均最大支付意愿分别为203.77和257.26元/a,分别比2008年增长了7.9%和21.7%。两次支付意愿调查结果的相同点在于居民或游客对各个投标额愿意支付的人数比例在不同年份分布趋势基本一致,不同点在于愿意支付的人数比例明显增加。前者体现在居民对各个投标额的选择比较集中,而游客的选择比较分散;后者表现为居民和游客愿意支付的人数比例增长率分别为20.5%和19.1%。结果表明,采用条件价值法评估长岛自然保护区居民和游客对生态系统维护的支付意愿结果可靠,其评估结果主要受经济收入和环境保护意识的影响。因此,当地政府应在发展经济的基础上,加强对生态环境保护的宣传和教育。

Contingent valuation of preserving ecosystem of Changdao Island Nature Reserve

Changdao Island Nature Reserve is the typical nature reserve of island in China, where the rapidly developed fishing, aquaculture and tourism, unavoidable bring a lot of environmental problems, then causing severe challenges to the sustainable development of the ecosystem in Changdao Island. In this paper, a payment card contingent valuation method was used to survey and estimate the willingness to pay of the residents and tourists in 2013 for ecosystem maintenance in Changdao Island Nature Reserve, whose results were compared with those in 2008 to test the reliability of the contingent valuation method. Results show that the average maximum willingness to pay of residents and tourists are 203.77 and 257.26 RMB/a per person, respectively, and grow 7.9% and 21.7% compared with those in 2008, respectively. The similarity of the two surveys of willingness to pay is that the tends of the distributions of proportions of residents' or tourists' willingness to pay for each bid value in different years are basically the same, and the difference is that the proportions of people willing to pay increase significantly. The former is reflected in that residents' choice of each bid value is relatively concentrated, while tourists' is scattered, and the latter presents that the residents' and tourists' growth rates of the proportion of people willing to pay are 20.5% and 19.1%, respectively. Results show that the assessment of residents' and tourists' willingness to pay for preserving ecosystem of Changdao Island Nature Reserve by the contingent valuation method is reliable, and the assessment results are influenced by the economic income and consciousness of environmental protection. Therefore, the local government should strengthen the propaganda and education of the ecological and environmental protection based on economic developing.