Trisubstituted flavonol glycosides in Coronilla emerus flowers

A novel trisubstituted kaempferol glycoside has been isolated from leaves and flowers of Coronilla emerus and identified as the 3-glucoside-7,4′-dirhamnoside. It co-occurs in the flowers with the 3-glucosides and 3-glucoside-7-rhamnosides of kaempferol and quercetin. A second kaempferol triglycoside based on glucose and xylose is also present. All six glycosides contribute to the UV patterning present in the wings of the flowers. This is the first report of kaempferol triglycosides with monosaccharide units substituting hydroxyl groups at the 3-, 7- and 4′-positions.