Effects of altered gravity on the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells |
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Authors: | H Rösner T Wassermann W Möller W Hanke |
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Institution: | (1) Cell and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart;(2) Membrane Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart |
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Abstract: | Summary. Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were used to study the effects of altered gravity on the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton
dynamics. A cholinergic stimulation of the cells during a 6 min period of changing gravity (3 parabolas) resulted in an enhanced
actin-driven protrusion of evoked lamellipodia. Likewise, the spontaneous protrusive activity of nonactivated cells was promoted
during exposure to changing gravity (6 up to 31 parabolas). Ground-based experiments revealed a similar enhancement of the
spontaneous and evoked lamellar protrusive activity when the cells were kept at 2 g hypergravity for at least 6 min. This gravity response was independent of the direction of the acceleration vector in respect
to the cells. Exposure of the cells to “simulated weightlessness” (clinorotation) had no obvious influence on this type of
lamellar actin cytoskeleton dynamics. A 20 min exposure of the cells to simulated weightlessness or to changing gravity (6
to 31 parabolas) – but not to 2 g (hypergravity, centrifugation) – resulted in an altered arrangement of microtubules indicated by bending, turning, and loop
formation. A similar altered arrangement was shown by microtubules which had polymerized into lamellipodia after release from
a taxol block at simulated weightlessness (clinorotation) or during changing gravity (5 parabolas). Our data suggest that
in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, microgravity affects the dynamics and spatial arrangement of microtubules but has no
influence on the Rac-controlled lamellar actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell spreading. The latter, however, seems to be
promoted at hypergravity.
Correspondence and reprints: Cell and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse
30, 70593 Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany. |
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Keywords: | : Gravity Actin Microtubule Cytoskeleton Neuroblastoma cell |
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