Quality control systems for aberrant mRNAs induced by aberrant translation elongation and termination |
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| Authors: | Toshifumi Inada |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;1. Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried/Munich, Germany;1. Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;2. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;3. Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;4. Department of RNA and Gene Regulation, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;1. Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01655-0122, USA;2. CNRS FRE3630 Associated with Université Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France;1. Graduate Field of Genetics, Genomics & Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20005, China |
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| Abstract: | RNA processing is an essential gene expression step and plays a crucial role to achieve diversity of gene products in eukaryotes. Various aberrant mRNAs transiently produced during RNA processing reactions are recognized and eliminated by specific quality control systems. It has been demonstrated that these mRNA quality control systems stimulate the degradation of aberrant mRNA to prevent the potentially harmful products derived from aberrant mRNAs. Recent studies on quality control systems induced by abnormal translation elongation and termination have revealed that both aberrant mRNAs and proteins are subjected to rapid degradation. In NonStop Decay (NSD) quality control system, a poly(A) tail of nonstop mRNA is translated and the synthesis of poly-lysine sequence results in translation arrest followed by co-translational degradation of aberrant nonstop protein. In No-Go Decay (NGD) quality control system, the specific amino acid sequences of the nascent polypeptide induce ribosome stalling, and the arrest products are ubiquitinated and rapidly degraded by the proteasome. In Nonfunctional rRNA Decay (NRD) quality control system, aberrant ribosomes composed of nonfunctional ribosomal RNAs are also eliminated when aberrant translation elongation complexes are formed on mRNA. I describe recent progresses on the mechanisms of quality control systems and the relationships between quality control systems. This article is part of a Special issue entitled: RNA Decay mechanisms. |
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