20(R)-Ginsenoside Rf: A new ginsenoside from red ginseng extract |
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Authors: | Sang Myung Lee Seok Chang Kim Joonseok Oh Jin Hee Kim MinKyun Na |
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Affiliation: | 1. Korea Ginseng Corp. Central Research Institute, Daejeon 305-805, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;3. Department of Herbal Skin Care, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea;4. College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | In spite of the general concept that herbal supplements are safe, there is a lack of appropriate quality control measures and regulations that often culminates in serious undesirable effects such as allergic reactions and renal and liver damage. Thus, there is a growing need to establish a suitable methodology that enables authentication and quality assurance of herbal products. The root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae), commonly called ginseng, is traditionally recognized as a prominent herbal medicine in Far East Asia. There are two types of processed ginseng, white and red ginseng, based on processing methods, and these play a significant role in modifying ginsenosides, which are the major bioactive metabolites in these products. Herein we purify and characterize a new ginsenoside, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rf, utilizing NMR, UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS and validate the metabolite is generated from its epimer, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rf during the steaming process to manufacture red ginseng. We further propose a relevant mechanism for the chemical conversion. This finding updates chemical profiling of ginseng products that can be employed in quality assurance and authentication. |
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Keywords: | Epimerization Chemical profile Panax ginseng Red ginseng |
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