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Diversity of indigenous Beauveria and Metarhizium spp. in a commercial banana field and their virulence toward Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors:RB Lopes  ALM Mesquita  MS Tigano  DA Souza  I Martins  M Faria
Institution:1. EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, CP 02372, Brasilia, DF 70770-917, Brazil;2. EMBRAPA Tropical Agroindustry, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita 2270 – Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza, CE 60511-110, Brazil
Abstract:Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana sensu lato were isolated, from 7 and 41 % of soil samples from a commercial banana field, with average fungal density of 4.3 × 103 and 8.2 × 103 CFU g?1 soil, respectively. Twenty-one morphologically distinct B. bassiana and four M. anisopliae sensu lato isolates from different plots within the field were further characterized. ISSR fingerprinting revealed six different clusters for B. bassiana, whereas gene sequencing revealed three M. anisopliae sensu stricto and one unclassified Metarhizium sp. Bioassays with one or more representative isolates from each Metarhizium species and B. bassiana cluster showed that all indigenous isolates had lower virulence and significantly greater ST50s than reference (exotic) isolates. The data suggest that the low virulence of most indigenous isolates toward Cosmopolites sordidus adults and their relatively low density in soil samples, may help explain the low occurrence of epizootics caused by entomopathogenic fungi in populations of this pest, also known to burrow under the soil surface in banana plantations.
Keywords:Banana weevil  Conservation biological control  Entomopathogenic fungi  Fungal ecology  Microbial control  Molecular characterization
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