New insights on glucosylated lipids: Metabolism and functions |
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| Authors: | Yohei Ishibashi Ayako Kohyama-KoganeyaYoshio Hirabayashi |
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| Affiliation: | Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Ceramide, cholesterol, and phosphatidic acid are major basic structures for cell membrane lipids. These lipids are modified with glucose to generate glucosylceramide (GlcCer), cholesterylglucoside (ChlGlc), and phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), respectively. Glucosylation dramatically changes the functional properties of lipids. For instance, ceramide acts as a strong tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, while GlcCer has an opposite effect, downregulating ceramide activities. All glucosylated lipids are enriched in lipid rafts or microdomains and play fundamental roles in a variety of cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the biological functions and metabolism of these three glucosylated lipids. |
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| Keywords: | ABCA12, ATP-binding cassette transporter A12 α-GalCer, α-galactosylceramide AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase BMP, bis-monoacylglycero-phosphate CBE, conduritol B epoxide CerS, ceramide synthase CERT, ceramide transport protein ChlGlc, cholesterylglucoside COPII, coat protein complex II DIM, detergent-insoluble membrane ER, endoplasmic reticulum GalCer, galactosylceramide GBA, acid β-glucosidase GCase, glucocerebrosidase GlcCer, glucosylceramide GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol GSL, glycosphingolipid GTF, glycosyltransferase family HSP, heat shock protein iNKT cells, invariant natural killer T cells LDs, lipid droplets LPS, lipopolysaccharide MS, mass spectrometry PH, pleckstrin homology PtdAc, phosphatidic acid PtdCho, phosphatidylcholine PtdEth, phosphatidylethanolamine PtdIns, phosphatidylinositol PtdIns(4)P, phophatidylinositol-4-phosphate PKD, polycystic kidney disease PtdGlc, phosphatidylglucoside RsAFP, Raphanus sativus antifungal peptide SAP-C, saposin C SMS, sphingomyelin synthase SPT, serine palmitoyl transferase START, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer UDP-glucose, uridine diphosphate glucose UGCG, UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase VAP, vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein |
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