赞比亚的人类发展与环境挑战

由于赞比亚社会经济及人民生活水平较低,赞比亚人民为了生存,不得不依靠掠夺性地开发自然生态系统和破坏环境来获得资源。赞比亚有60%以上的人民是农村居民,直接靠自然环境资源维持生存,对当地的自然环境造成了很大的影响。这种人类对环境的压力包括森林的毁坏,农田覆土的不断流失,土壤侵蚀以及气候的多变性造成的周期性干旱等。而人口的快速增长,当地社会经济的长期疲软以及大气、水、土地资源的污染更是给原本脆弱的生态环境雪上加霜。本文受统计数据的可获得性限制,部分结论尚未定量化,但其反映的人类发展与环境保护之间的矛盾却是客观存在的。

Human development and environmental challenge in Zambia

With the increasing poverty of social economy and daily life,people in Zambia have to interfere with natural ecosystems for their survival.More than 60% of the population is rurally based and depends directly on natural environment,and in turn,induces environmental degradation in a large extent.Such environmental pressures include forest degradation,increasing soil cover loss and soil erosion,and large-scale climate variability with recurrent droughts.The rapid population growth and the rising consumption trend at the back drop of poor economic performance are leading to the over-harvesting of natural resources and the pollution of air,water and land.Due to the lack of data on Zambia's ecosystems,parts of the research findings were not quantified,but the controversy between social development and environmental protection in Zambia was objectively existed.