Nonnegative decomposition of functional count data |
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Authors: | Daniel Backenroth Russell T Shinohara Jennifer A Schrack Jeff Goldsmith |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York;2. Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;3. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland |
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Abstract: | We present a novel decomposition of nonnegative functional count data that draws on concepts from nonnegative matrix factorization. Our decomposition, which we refer to as NARFD (nonnegative and regularized function decomposition), enables the study of patterns in variation across subjects in a highly interpretable manner. Prototypic modes of variation are estimated directly on the observed scale of the data, are local, and are transparently added together to reconstruct observed functions. This contrasts with generalized functional principal component analysis, an alternative approach that estimates functional principal components on a transformed scale, produces components that typically vary across the entire functional domain, and reconstructs observations using complex patterns of cancellation and multiplication of functional principal components. NARFD is implemented using an alternating minimization algorithm, and we evaluate our approach in simulations. We apply NARFD to an accelerometer dataset comprising observations of physical activity for healthy older Americans. |
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Keywords: | accelerometers functional data nonnegative matrix factorization |
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