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AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates autophagy,inflammation and immunity and contributes to osteoclast differentiation and functionabs |
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| Authors: | Xishuai Tong Roman R Ganta Zongping Liu |
| Institution: | 1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009 People's Republic of China
Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66502 USA Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009 People's Republic of China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009 People's Republic of China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009 People's Republic of China;2. Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66502 USA;3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009 People's Republic of China |
| Abstract: | Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells, responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclast differentiation and function requires a series of cytokines to remove the old bone, which coordinates with the induction of bone remodelling by osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Studies have demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) play a negative regulatory role in osteoclast differentiation and function. Research involving AMPK, a nutrient and energy sensor, has primarily focused on osteoclast differentiation and function; thus, its role in autophagy, inflammation and immunity remains poorly understood. Autophagy is a conservative homoeostatic mechanism of eukaryotic cells, and response to osteoclast differentiation and function; however, how it interacts with inflammation remains unclear. Additionally, based on the regulatory function of different AMPK subunits for osteoclast differentiation and function, its activation is regulated by upstream factors to perform bone metabolism. This review summarises the critical role of AMPK-mediated autophagy, inflammation and immunity by upstream and downstream signalling during receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation and function. This pathway may provide therapeutic targets for bone-related diseases, as well as function as a biomarker for bone homoeostasis. |
| Keywords: | AMPK Autophagy Inflammation Osteoclast differentiation and function RANKL |