Responses of the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis to extreme environmental changes |
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Authors: | S. D. Kashenko |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia |
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Abstract: | The survival ability of the adult sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis (Agassiz) in varying environments was studied. In an experiment on a hard substrate, 88% of the animals survived for 40 days (August–September) during variation of sea water temperature from 21.0 to 16.5°C and variation of salinity from 33.3 to 31.5‰. At 17°C, the salinity tolerance range was 34–24‰. At the same temperature. 100% of the animals remained alive for 14 days within a salinity range from 34 to 18‰; at 16 and 14‰ the ratio of surviving sea urchins was 30 and 20% respectively. Thus, S. mirabilis has considerable adaptive capabilities and is able to survive for a long time under extreme environmental changes. |
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Keywords: | sea urchins Scaphechinus mirabilis temperature salinity substrate |
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