Cellular metabolic and autophagic pathways: Traffic control by redox signaling |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Urology, 309th Hospital of Chinese people''s Liberation Army, Beijing 100094, China;2. Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China |
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Abstract: | It has been established that the key metabolic pathways of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are intimately related to redox biology through control of cell signaling. Under physiological conditions glucose metabolism is linked to control of the NADH/NAD redox couple, as well as providing the major reductant, NADPH, for thiol-dependent antioxidant defenses. Retrograde signaling from the mitochondrion to the nucleus or cytosol controls cell growth and differentiation. Under pathological conditions mitochondria are targets for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and are critical in controlling apoptotic cell death. At the interface of these metabolic pathways, the autophagy–lysosomal pathway functions to maintain mitochondrial quality and generally serves an important cytoprotective function. In this review we will discuss the autophagic response to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are generated from perturbations of cellular glucose metabolism and bioenergetic function. |
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Keywords: | Autophagy Mitophagy Oxidative stress Redox signaling Cellular bioenergetics Mitochondria Glucose Glycolysis Glutathione Aging Cardiovascular disease Neurodegeneration Diabetes Free radicals |
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