Importance of insulin resistance to vascular repair and regeneration |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Clinical Medical School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China;2. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The 89 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Weifang, Shandong, 261021, China;3. Medical Research Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China;1. Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;2. Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;3. Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;4. Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;5. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;6. Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan;7. Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien County 97004, Taiwan;1. Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany;2. Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany;3. Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Public Health Consultation, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany;4. Institute of Movement and Neurosciences,Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany;5. Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, 4558, Australia;1. Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya St., Moscow Region, Pushchino, Russian Federation;2. National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, United States |
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| Abstract: | Metabolic insulin resistance is apparent across a spectrum of clinical disorders, including obesity and diabetes, and is characterized by an adverse clustering of cardiovascular risk factors related to abnormal cellular responses to insulin. These disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent and represent a major global public health concern because of their association with significant increases in atherosclerosis-related mortality. Endogenous repair mechanisms are thought to retard the development of vascular disease, and a growing evidence base supports the adverse impact of the insulin-resistant phenotype upon indices of vascular repair. Beyond the impact of systemic metabolic changes, emerging data from murine studies also provide support for abnormal insulin signaling at the level of vascular cells in retarding vascular repair. Interrelated pathophysiological factors, including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress, altered growth factor activity, and abnormal intracellular signaling, are likely to act in conjunction to impede vascular repair while also driving vascular damage. Understanding of these processes is shaping novel therapeutic paradigms that aim to promote vascular repair and regeneration, either by recruiting endogenous mechanisms or by the administration of cell-based therapies. |
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| Keywords: | Insulin resistance Diabetes mellitus Vascular repair Nitric oxide Reactive oxygen species Growth factor Free radicals |
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