Effects of ionizing radiation on mitochondria |
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Affiliation: | 1. V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia;2. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia;3. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia |
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Abstract: | The current concept of radiobiology posits that damage to the DNA in the cell nucleus is the primary cause for the detrimental effects of radiation. However, emerging experimental evidence suggests that this theoretical framework is insufficient for describing extranuclear radiation effects, particularly the response of the mitochondria, an important site of extranuclear, coding DNA. Here, we discuss experimental observations of the effects of ionizing radiation on the mitochondria at (1) the DNA and (2) functional levels. The roles of mitochondria in (3) oxidative stress and (4) late radiation effects are discussed. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of targets for ionizing radiation outside the cell nucleus. Available experimental data suggest that an increase in the tumoricidal efficacy of radiation therapy might be achievable by targeting mitochondria. Likewise, more specific protection of mitochondria and its coding DNA should reduce damage to healthy cells exposed to ionizing radiation. |
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Keywords: | Mitochondria Nucleus Ionizing radiation DNA RNA Copy number Mammalian cells Radiation response Manganese superoxide dismutase Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Superoxide Common deletion Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) Electron transport chain |
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