Biodegradation of natural and synthetic rubbers: A review |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy;2. Pirelli Labs S.p.A., Via Piero e Alberto Pirelli 25, 20126 Milano, Italy;3. Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA;1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy;2. Pirelli Labs S.p.A., Via Piero e Alberto Pirelli 25, 20126, Milano, Italy;3. Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy;1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;2. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University 99 Moo 18 Paholyothin Road, Klong-Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;2. Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand;1. Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China;2. College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China;1. Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile;2. Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile;3. Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile;4. Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany;5. Environmental Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Since polymeric materials do not decompose easily, disposal of waste polymers is a serious environmental concern. Widespread studies on the biodegradation of rubbers have been carried out in order to overcome the environmental problems associated with rubber waste. This report provides an overview on the microbial degradation of natural and synthetic rubbers. Rubber degrading microbes, bacteria and fungi, are ubiquitous in the environment especially soil. The qualitative data like plate assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Sturm test indicated that both natural and synthetic rubbers can be degraded by microorganisms. It has confirmed that the enzymes latex clearing protein (Lcp) and rubber oxygenase A (RoxA) are responsible for the degradation of natural and synthetic rubbers. Lcp was obtained from Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces sp. strain K30 and RoxA from Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas sp. strain 35Y. Analysis of degradation products of natural and synthetic rubbers indicated the oxidative cleavage of double bonds in polymer backbone. Aldehydes, ketones and other carbonyl groups were detected as degradation products from cultures of various rubber degrading strains. This review emphasizes the importance of biodegradation in environmental biotechnology for waste rubber disposal. |
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| Keywords: | Biodegradation Scanning electron microscopy Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Sturm test Rubber degrading enzymes Analysis of degradation |
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