Pleomorphic adenoma gene-like 2 regulates expression of the p53 family member,p73, and induces cell cycle block and apoptosis in human promonocytic U937 cells |
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Authors: | Tracey S Hanks Katherine A Gauss |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd., Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; |
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Abstract: | The proto-oncogene, pleomorphic adenoma gene-like 2 (PLAGL2), is implicated in a variety of cancers including acute myeloid
leukemia (AML), malignant glioma, colon cancer, and lung adenocarcinoma. There is additional evidence that PLAGL2 can function
as a tumor suppressor by initiating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Interestingly, PLAGL2 has also been implicated in human
myelodysplastic syndrome, a disease that is characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and can lead to fatal cytopenias (low
blood counts) as a result of increased apoptosis in the marrow, or, in about one-third of cases, can progress to AML. To gain
a better understanding of the actions of PLAGL2 in human myeloid cells, we generated a stable PLAGL2-inducible cell line,
using human promonocytic U937 cells. PLAGL2 expression inhibited cell proliferation which correlated with an accumulation
of cells in G1, apoptotic DNA-laddering, an increase in caspase 3, 8, and 9 activity, and a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane
potential. There was significant increase in the p53 homologue, p73, with PLAGL2 expression, and consistent with mechanisms
of p73-regulated cell cycle control and apoptosis, there was increased expression of known p73 target genes p21, DR5, TRAIL,
and Bax. PLAGL2-induced cell cycle block was abolished in the presence of p73 siRNA. Together, these data support a role for
PLAGL2 in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis via activation of p73. |
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