Phenotype,function and clinical implications of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer patients |
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Authors: | Paola Filipazzi Veronica Huber Licia Rivoltini |
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Institution: | (1) Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumours, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; |
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Abstract: | The involvement of a smouldering microenvironment is currently considered a cancer hallmark and a required step for tumour
cells to disable specific immunity while promoting angiogenesis and stroma remodelling. Nevertheless, the molecular pathways
driving such aberrant interactions in human cancer and their actual implication in disease progression are still poorly defined.
Here, we will report about the remarkable efforts devoted by our group as well as many other scientists to dissect this process
focusing on tumour-mediated activation of myeloid dysfunctional pathways occurring in cancer patients. Indeed, myeloid-derived
suppressor cells (MDSC), playing a crucial role as cellular regulators of immune responses, have been extensively shown to
restrain tumour immunity through a vast array of molecular mechanisms and to promote tumour progression in different murine
models. Although in mice the phenotypic features of these cells were defined initially rather generally by Gr1+ and CD11b+ co-expression, more recent studies have unravelled the actual complexity of this population and the existence of different
cell subsets. This complexity is even more remarked in the human setting, where heterogeneous populations of myeloid cells
with variable phenotype and immunosuppressive features have been described in patients affected by different types of tumours.
The lack of homogeneous properties of human MDSC has made these cells a controversial and still unacknowledged player in cancer-related
immune suppression and disease progression. Nevertheless, with the efforts of the scientific community, MDSC will soon reveal
their key role thereby becoming novel targets for innovative therapeutic strategies. |
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