香菇数量性状的相关性分析和主成分分析

对110个香菇杂交菌株16个数量性状进行表型、遗传和环境相关性分析及主成分分析。由分析结果可知,单菇鲜重与有关单菇的其他5个性状在表型、遗传和环境等3个方面都存在极显著的正相关,与菇数存在3种极显著的负相关,与CMC酶活性、木聚糖酶活性分别呈显著和极显著遗传负相关。鲜菇总重与出菇期和原基期呈极显著的表型和遗传负相关,与菇数、两种菌丝生长速度及菌盖厚度呈极显著的遗传正相关。结果表明,在香菇育种工作中,菌丝生长速度和酶活性,可以作为对单菇性状和鲜菇总重进行选择的间接指标之一。主成分分析结果表明,16个性状可以缩减为6个主成分,按方差贡献率大小分别命名为单菇、发育、产量、酶活、原基和转色因子,6个主成分的方差累积贡献率为80.75%。在香菇育种中,可以按照育种目标对上述主成分因子或其分量进行单独选择。

Correlation and principal component analysis for major quantitative traits in Lentinula edodes

The correlation and principal component analyses (PCA) of 16 quantitative traits were made in present study for 110 strains of Lentinula edodes. The results of genetic correlation analyses showed that, fresh weight of single fruitbody is positively correlated with the other traits of single fruitbody, but negatively correlated with amount of fruitbodies (AOF), CMCase activity and Xylanase activity at significant or highly significant level. The genetic correlations between fresh yield (FY) and primordium forming period and fruiting period are highly significantly negative. The genetic correlations between FY and AOF, growth rates of two kinds of mycelia and pileus thickness are highly significantly positive. These results suggested that, the traits of mycelial growth rate and enzyme activities can be used as the indirect indexes for selection of single fruitbody and fresh yield in edible fungi crossbreeding. In addition, six principal components (PCs) were obtained from sixteen tested traits through the principal component analysis. According to their variance contributive percentage and the cumulative variance contributive percentage, i.e. 80.25%, these PCs were designated as single fruitbody, development, yield, enzyme activity, primordium factor and color-changing factors respectively. These PCs or their subcomponents could be selected independently to improve selective efficiency and objective pertinency for different breeding target.