Uncovering the role of APC-Cdh1 in generating the dynamics of S-phase onset |
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Authors: | Xi Yuan Jeyaraman Srividhya Thomas De Luca Ju-hyong E. Lee Joseph R. Pomerening |
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Affiliation: | Yale University;aDepartment of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003;cBiocomplexity Institute, Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003;bDepartment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408-2671;dDepartment of Statistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408-3825 |
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Abstract: | Cdh1, a coactivator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), is a potential tumor suppressor. Cdh1 ablation promotes precocious S-phase entry, but it was unclear how this affects DNA replication dynamics while contributing to genomic instability and tumorigenesis. We find that Cdh1 depletion causes early S-phase onset in conjunction with increase in Rb/E2F1-mediated cyclin E1 expression, but reduced levels of cyclin E1 protein promote this transition. We hypothesize that this is due to a weakened cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI)–cyclin-dependent kinase 2 positive-feedback loop, normally generated by APC-Cdh1–mediated proteolysis of Skp2. Indeed, Cdh1 depletion increases Skp2 abundance while diminishing levels of the CKI p27. This lowers the level of cyclin E1 needed for S-phase entry and delays cyclin E1 proteolysis during S-phase progression while corresponding to slowed replication fork movement and reduced frequency of termination events. In summary, using both experimental and computational approaches, we show that APC-Cdh1 establishes a stimulus–response relationship that promotes S phase by ensuring that proper levels of p27 accumulate during G1 phase, and defects in its activation accelerate the timing of S-phase onset while prolonging its progression. |
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