明亮熊蜂的生物学特性及其授粉应用

明亮熊蜂Bombus lucorumL.是我国重要的授粉昆虫之一,该种熊蜂在北京地区1年1代,以蜂王休眠方式越冬。越冬蜂王4月中旬出蛰,2周以后开始产卵,5月下旬第1批工蜂开始出房,7月上旬工蜂数量达到150只左右,随后蜂群中出现雄蜂和蜂王,8~9月蜂王和雄蜂交配。10月上旬,天气逐渐变冷,交配后的蜂王开始在地下休眠越冬。在人工控制条件下可以打破蜂王的休眠期、实现1年多代繁育,提供设施农业授粉应用。

Bionomics of Bombus lucorum and its application as pollinators

Bombus lucorum L.has one generation a year in Beijing area and overwinters as queen in hibernation.The queen emerges from hibernation in middle April and begins to lay eggs two weeks later.The first batch of workers appears in later May.After the production of 150 workers,young drones and queens are born in middle or later July,they mate in August and September.The young mated queens hibernate each separately in the soil in early October when the weather becomes cold.Queen's hibernation can be broken under artificial conditions and several generations of bumblebees are breeding a year in captivity,and then,it provides pollination for crops in winter greenhouse.