2型糖尿病大鼠模型的肾脏和动脉血管并发症

目的制备发病过程类似人类2型糖尿病的动物模型,并观察其肾脏和主动脉的病变特点。方法8周龄SD大鼠高脂、高糖饮食一个月后给予小剂量STZ腹腔注射建立2型糖尿病模型,于成模后4周及8周观察血管功能指标和肾脏功能指标,并对肾脏和血管的病理改变进行观察。结果模型组于成模后4周及8周出现高血糖、高血脂、胰岛素抵抗、肾功能改变和血管功能改变。肾脏光镜下见肾小球内皮及系膜细胞增生;肾小管水肿,管腔内有大量蛋白管型和细胞管型;肾盂区有大量淋巴细胞浸润。动脉血管电镜下见内皮细胞局部损伤严重;内皮细胞与内弹力板连接处空隙增加等。结论用高脂高糖饮食加小剂量STZ腹腔注射可成功制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型,成模后4周及8周后观察肾脏及大血管相继出现病变,是2型糖尿病血管病变研究的理想模型。

Arterial and Renal Complications in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective To establish a rat diabetic model closely resembling the metabolic abnormalities of human type 2 diabetes mellitus and observe its renal and arterial structural changes.Methods 8 weeks old SD rats were injected with low dose streptozotocin(STZ) after high-fat and high-sugar diet given for 4 weeks.The changes of vascular function and renal function indexes were assessed after 4 and 8 weeks,respectively,and the pathological changes of kidney and arteries were examined.Results The model group showed hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia,insulin resistance,renal and vascular disfunctions.The renal pathological examination revealed hyperplasia of mesangial and endothelial cells,swelling of renal tubules,presence of numerous protein and cellular casts in the renal tubules,and a prominent leukomonocyte infiltration in the renal pelvic tissue.Loss or damages of endothelial cells and increase of the sub-endothelial space in the artery wall were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Conclusion A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been successfully established by using high fat and sugar diet and low dose STZ injection.Renal and vascular pathological changes occurred in the rats within 4 and 8 weeks after treatment.The established rat models provide an ideal basis for experimental studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus.