A New Retroposed Gene in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis> Heterochromatin Detected by Microarray-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization |
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Authors: | Chuanzhu Fan Manyuan Long |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA |
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Abstract: | A genomic pattern of new gene origination is often dependent on a genomic method that can efficiently identify a statistically
adequate number of recently originated genes. The heterochromatic regions have often been viewed as genomic deserts with low
coding potential and thus a low flux of new genes. However, increasing reports revealed unexpected roles of heterochromatic
regions in the evolution of genes and genomes. We identified recently retroposed genes that originated in heterochromatic
regions in Drosophila, by developing microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) with multiple species. This new gene family, named
Ifc-2h, originated in the common ancestor of the clade of D. simulans, D. mauritiana, and D. sechellia. The sequence features and phylogenetic distribution indicated that Ifc-2h resulted from the retroposition from its parental gene, Infertile crescent (Ifc), and integrated into heterochromatic region of common ancester of the three sibling species 2 million years ago. Expression
analysis revealed that Ifc-2h had developed a new expression pattern by recruiting a putative regulatory element from its target sequence. The distribution
of indel variation in Ifc-2h of D. simulans and D. mauritiana revealed a significant sequence constraint, suggesting that the Ifc-2h gene may be functional. These analyses cast fresh insight into the evolution of heterochromatin and the origin of its coding
regions.
Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic Supplementary material is available for this article at
and accessible for authorised users.
Reviewing Editor: Dr. Martin Kreitman] |
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Keywords: | Drosophila Heterochromatin Ifc-2h Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization Retroposition Selection sweep |
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