植物警戒色的研究进展

植物为适应植食动物的取食压力而进化出物理、化学等多种防御机制，以把植食伤害降到最低程度，但动物不断的抽样尝试行为还是让有防御行为的植物受到伤害。因此，向潜在的植食动物传达自己的防御信号对植物是有益的。颜色作为一种稳定有效的视觉信号通常是花和果实的诱惑信号，某些情况下也是一种警戒防御信号，植食动物经过抽样学习后能识别这种防御信号并主动回避，从而形成了植物的警戒色。起源于猎物-捕食者关系的警戒色理论在动物界得到了充分研究，但植物警戒色却不为人所知，直到2001年Hamilton关于秋季树叶颜色的信号假说公开发表后，才引起人们对植物警戒色的初步研究。如今在早秋变色树种、幼叶、多剌植物、植物繁殖器官都发现了警戒色的一些例证，尽管有些还不太明确甚至存在争议，但至少为植物警戒色的进一步研究奠定了基础。植物营养体颜色在时空上的多态性变化值得人们更深入地研究，防御权衡假说也预示了防御有害植食动物的警戒作用存在于繁殖器官的可能性，研究它们生理和生态适应意义有利于人们更深程度地理解植物-动物之间的复杂关系。

Advances in Research of Aposematic Coloration in Plants

Plants evolve multiform defense mechanisms for dealing with herbivories in the interest of least damages caused by herbivores.It's beneficial to plants by signaling defensive commitments to potential herbivores when plants are constantly sampled by herbivores.Colour,a kind of stable and effective visual signal which is epigamic to animals for pollination and seed-dispersal,sometimes could become aposematic signal to herbivores.After sampling and avoidance learning,herbivores can discriminate this signal and associate it with unpleasant experiences,so aposematic coloration comes into being between plant-animal interaction.The theory of aposematic coloration has not been accepted in plants while it has been adequately discussed for a long time in animal kingdom until Hamilton's signal theory about autumn colours was published.Pushed by Hamilton's theory,some botanists have discovered and testified aposematic coloration do exist in plants such as autumn leaves,young leaves of tropical rainforests,some thorny plants and reproductive organs of plants whereas some of them are still obscure or controversial.Aposematic coloration should not only belong to animals,plants could evolve it too if necessary for plant fitness.The temporal and spatial colour polymorphism in vegetative parts of plants deserve more research and the defense tradeoff hypothesis predicts the possibility of aposematism may occur in the reproductive organs of plants.Scientists would comprehend the complicated plant-animal interactions better and more via the research of physiological and ecological adaptive significance of plant showy colours which exist in leaves and reproductive parts.