Assessment of a land-locked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) population as a potential genetic resource with a focus on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;2. Institute of Marine Research, Matre 5984, Matredal, Norway;3. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;1. CSIRO Aquaculture, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia;2. Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;1. Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway;3. University of Life Science (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway;4. Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway;1. Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;2. Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada;1. Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China;2. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK;1. Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John''s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada;2. Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The natural food for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in freshwater has relatively lower levels of omega ? 3 (n ? 3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) than found in prey for post-smolt salmon in seawater. Land-locked salmon such as the Gullspång population feed exclusively on freshwater type lipids during its entire life cycle, a successful adaptation derived from divergent evolution. Studying land-locked populations may provide insights into the molecular and genetic control mechanisms that determine and regulate n ? 3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis and retention in Atlantic salmon. A two factorial study was performed comparing land-locked and farmed salmon parr fed diets formulated with fish or rapeseed oil for 8 weeks. The land-locked parr had higher capacity to synthesise n ? 3 LC-PUFA as indicated by higher expression and activity of desaturase and elongase enzymes. The data suggested that the land-locked salmon had reduced sensitivity to dietary fatty acid composition and that dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) did not appear to suppress expression of LC-PUFA biosynthetic genes or activity of the biosynthesis pathway, probably an evolutionary adaptation to a natural diet lower in DHA. Increased biosynthetic activity did not translate to enhanced n ? 3 LC-PUFA contents in the flesh and diet was the only factor affecting this parameter. Additionally, high lipogenic and glycolytic potentials were found in land-locked salmon, together with decreased lipolysis which in turn could indicate increased use of carbohydrates as an energy source and a sparing of lipid. |
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