The first report of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and a novel Theileria spp. co-infection in a South African giraffe |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China;2. Zhengzhou Zoo, Zhengzhou, 450008, China;1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia;2. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom;3. Fish Health Laboratory, Department of Fisheries Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia;4. Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia;5. The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sudirman Campus, Universitas Udayana, Jalan Kampus Udayana, Denpasar 80361, Indonesia;6. Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Aquaculture and Sea-ranching, University Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany;1. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;2. Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of the Philippines Cebu, Gorordo Avenue, Lahug, Cebu City 6000, Philippines;3. Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan;4. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Studies, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;5. RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;6. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;1. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia;2. CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70040-020, Brazil;3. The Australia Zoo Hospital, Beerwah, Qld 4519, Australia;4. School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia;1. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Roma, Italy;2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy;3. Giardino Zoologico di Pistoia, Via Pieve a Celle 160, 51100 Pistoia, Italy;4. Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell''Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, (Padova), Italy |
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| Abstract: | Organisms of the genera Anaplasma and Theileria are important intracellular bacteria and parasites that cause various tick-borne diseases, threatening the health of numerous animals as well as human beings. In the present study, a 12-month-old male wild South African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) originating from South Africa, and living in Zhengzhou Zoo (located in the urban district of Zhengzhou in the provincial capital of Henan), suddenly developed an unknown fatal disease and died 1 day after the onset of the clinical signs. By microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears combined with nested PCR and DNA sequence analysis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis and a novel Theileria spp. were found in the blood of this giraffe. The six other Cervidae animals in the zoo and three ruminants living in the same colony house with them were found to be negative for both Anaplasma and Theileria in their blood specimens. We report on the first case of an A. phagocytophilum infection and the occurrence of a novel Theileria spp. in the blood of a giraffe. This is the first reported case of a multi-infection of A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. in a giraffe, as revealed by microscopic examination of blood smears and the results of nested PCR and DNA sequencing. |
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