Physiological responses of topmouth gudgeon, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudorasbora parva</Emphasis>, to predator cues and variation
of current velocity |
| |
Authors: | Sunardi Takashi Asaeda Jagath Manatunge |
| |
Institution: | (1) Institute of Ecology and Department of Biology, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia;(2) Department of Environmental Science & Human Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 338-8570, Japan |
| |
Abstract: | Predators, either through direct or indirect encounter and current velocity, are frequently stressful to fish living in stream
waters. In nature, fish may experience both current velocity stress and predation danger simultaneously. Experiments were
carried out to clarify to what extent predation risk (with reference to different types of predatory cues) and current velocity
can induce physiological stress in a running-water dwelling fish, topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva). Fish were exposed to an alarm substance, predator odor, and visual cue, as well to combinations of predation risk and elevated
current velocities. Metabolic rate, ventilation rate and fish activity were measured. Results showed that irrespective of
the type of encounter, the presence of predator imposed physiological stress on fish. Metabolic rate were 0.983 ± 0.312, 0.641 ± 0.151,
0.572 ± 0.063, and 0.277 ± 0.016 mg O2 W−1 h−1 following presence of alarm substance, visual cue, predator odor and control, respectively. Dramatic changes in ventilation
rate and activity affirmed that alarm substance induced the strongest stress, followed by predator odor and visual cue. Reactions
appeared to mirror the extent of fish perceiving danger of predation. Predation risk together with current velocity induces
stronger stress, much stronger than if the current velocity works as a single stressor. However, the interaction between predation
risk and current velocity did not have a significant effect on metabolic function; magnitude of metabolic response to high
current velocity might mask the metabolic response to predator presence. Small fish living in stream habitats that face local
predation risk would spend higher energy expenditure that may have negative impacts on growth, and hence their fitness. |
| |
Keywords: | Alarm substance Metabolic rate Predator odor Prey fish Stream Visual cue |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|