适用于种群遗传管理的小熊猫微卫星亲子鉴定体系的建立

由于标记缺失、生产记录不详、亲权关系不明及部分个体来源不清等历史问题，中国小熊猫圈养种群存在谱系错漏、近亲繁殖等风险。近年来，随着小熊猫种群规模不断扩大，管理者们对谱系的准确性提出了更高的需求，亲子鉴定工作也成为了研究的重点。本文采用26个微卫星标记，对国内3个小熊猫圈养种群进行了亲缘关系运算，完成了相关谱系的查错与整理。26个位点多态性与稳定性良好，联合非亲排除概率达到0.9999以上，可解决国内小熊猫圈养种群的各类亲子鉴定需求。在单亲未知或双亲未知的情况下，8或11个位点组合可实现亲子鉴定。5个位点组合可进行个体识别。在小熊猫圈养管理过程中，应用一套亲子鉴定体系对小熊猫圈养的谱系进行查漏补缺，有利于制定科学的配对计划、避免近亲繁殖，对小熊猫种群保护有着重要意义。

Parental testing system for population genetic management of red panda based on microsatellite markers

When the captive red panda population was established in China, individual identity was unclear, breeding and paternity records were incomplete or poorly kept and animal husbandry practices were not standardized. Because of these issues, problems like pedigree errors occurred frequently, which led to inbreeding risks. As the captive population of red panda grows, an accurate pedigree is required especially for the annual breeding plans. To address this issue, an accurate and standardized parentage test is needed. For this study，26 red panda microsatellite loci which were polymorphic and stable were discovered and used for paternity testing. The testing has been applied to several captive populations of red pandas, correcting the previous mistakes in pedigree. Moreover, the combined exclusion probability of these loci could reach 0.9999. Under the condition of one known/unknown parent, the specificity met the international human parental standard (0.9973) when eight or eleven microsatellite loci were applied. Finally, it was found that five loci could be used for the individual identification of red pandas. Thus, the testing can sufficiently improve the inbreeding problem of the captive red panda population. In summary, the application of the paternity testing system could help establish the correct pedigree, implement the scientific breeding plan, and avoid inbreeding. These factors should be an important improvement in the ex-situ conservation of red pandas.