Effect of fungicides and insecticides applied during planting of sugarcane on viability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metarhizium anisopliae</Emphasis> and its efficacy against white grubs

The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin is used for control of white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in sugarcane fields in Queensland, Australia. Eight fungicides and three liquid insecticides are currently registered for application to sugarcane at planting, and may come into contact with M. anisopliae during its application from cane planters. Seven of these were tested for deleterious effects on two isolates of M. anisopliae, FI-147 and FI-1045, in laboratory and field experiments. In growth studies on medium, the four most commonly used fungicides were much more harmful to growth of M. anisopliae than the three insecticides. In a field experiment, where rice granules covered with spores of M. anisopliae were sprayed with each of four fungicides and two insecticides at very high rates and then covered with soil, only the fungicide Shirtan (methoxy ethyl mercuric chloride) showed any toxic effect on spore viability, with a reduction from 82 to 69%. No harmful effect of any chemical was detected in counts of colony-forming units in soil samples or in bioassays of treated soil using white grubs. Spore viability was not reduced when FI-1045 on rice granules (BioCane) was applied with fungicides through nine commercial planters, including five using Shirtan, compared with granules buried in untreated soil. Thus, we believe that M. anisopliae is compatible with these chemicals in commercial practice.