Complex between single-stranded DNA and gene 5 protein of bacteriophage M13 studied with linear dichroism and ultraviolet absorption

We have studied complexes between the gene 5 protein (gp5) of bacteriophage M13 and various polynucleotides, including single-stranded DNA, using ultraviolet absorption and linear dichroism. Upon complex formation the absorption spectra of both the protein and the polynucleotides change. The protein absorption changes indicate that for at least two of the five tyrosine residues per protein monomer the environment becomes less polar upon binding to the polynucleotides but also to the oligonucleotide p(dT)8. All gp5-polynucleotide complexes give rise to intense linear dichroism spectra. These spectra are dominated by negative contributions from the bases, but also a small positive dichroism of the protein can be discerned. The spectra can be explained by polynucleotide structures, which are the same in all complexes. The base orientations are characterized by a substantial inclination and propellor twist. The number of possible combinations of inclination and propeller twist values, which are in agreement with the linear dichroism results, is rather limited. The base orientations with respect to the complex axis are essentially different from those in the complex with the single-stranded DNA-binding protein gp32 of bacteriophage T4.