Osteogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their bone regeneration potential |
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Authors: | Caterina Pipino Assunta Pandolfi |
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Affiliation: | Caterina Pipino, Assunta Pandolfi, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66013 Chieti, ItalyCaterina Pipino, Assunta Pandolfi, Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University Foundation, StemTeCh Group, 66013 Chieti, Italy |
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Abstract: | In orthopedics, tissue engineering approach using stem cells is a valid line of treatment for patients with bone defects. In this context, mesenchymal stromal cells of various origins have been extensively studied and continue to be a matter of debate. Although mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow are already clinically applied, recent evidence suggests that one may use mesenchymal stromal cells from extra-embryonic tissues, such as amniotic fluid, as an innovative and advantageous resource for bone regeneration. The use of cells from amniotic fluid does not raise ethical problems and provides a sufficient number of cells without invasive procedures. Furthermore, they do not develop into teratomas when transplanted, a consequence observed with pluripotent stem cells. In addition, their multipotent differentiation ability, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory properties make them ideal candidates for bone regenerative medicine. We here present an overview of the features of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in the osteogenic differentiation process. We have examined the papers actually available on this regard, with particular interest in the strategies applied to improve in vitro osteogenesis. Importantly, a detailed understanding of the behavior of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their osteogenic ability is desirable considering a feasible application in bone regenerative medicine. |
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Keywords: | Mesenchymal stromal cells Amniotic fluid Amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells Amniotic fluid stem cells Osteogenesis Bone regeneration |
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