多孔介质中的微生物迁移行为与影响因素研究进展

微生物在地下水和土壤环境中的迁移与地下水资源保护、地下水污染修复及土壤污染防治等息息相关。自然界中多孔介质具有结构复杂性和空间异质性。这导致微生物在其中的迁移易受多重环境因素的影响。本文总结了几种典型多孔介质中微生物迁移模型、理论与研究方法，并对多孔介质中影响微生物迁移行为的3种因素——物理、化学和生物因素进行了梳理。其中物理因素的影响主要包括多孔介质的粒径、表面粗糙度、饱和度、环境温度、水体流速等相关；化学因素主要包含流体pH、离子种类与强度、可溶性有机物含量、多孔介质自身化学性质等；生物因素不但涉及微生物种类、细胞大小和细胞表面特性，还与胞外聚合物的分泌、鞭毛运动及趋化性等相关。本综述旨在总结近年来有关微生物在多孔介质中迁移的相关研究，深入理解微生物在多孔介质中的迁移行为，为其在地下水和土壤污染修复中的实际应用提供理论依据。

Removal of microorganisms and influencing factors in porous media

Removal of microorganisms in soil and groundwater environments is closely related to groundwater resource protection, groundwater pollution treatment, and soil pollution prevention. Due to complex structures and spatial heterogeneity of porous media in nature, the removal of microorganisms is susceptible to multiple environmental factors. This paper summarized several models, theories, and research methods of typical removal of microorganisms in porous media, and sorted out three factors (physical, chemical, and biological factors) affecting the removal of microorganisms in porous media. The physical factors included the particle size, surface roughness, saturation, ambient temperature, and flow rate in porous media. The chemical factors include pH, ionic species and strength, soluble organic matter content, and chemical properties of porous media. The biological factors involve not only the microbial species, cell size, and cell surface properties, but also the secretion of extracellular polymers, flagellar mediated motility, and chemotaxis. The purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of the removal of microorganisms in porous media by reviewing the related research in recent years, to provide a theoretical basis for its practical application in the remediation of polluted groundwater and soil.