Botulinum neurotoxins: mechanism of action and therapeutic applications |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan;2. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan;3. Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Japan;4. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan;5. Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Recent studies have led to the discovery of the molecular lesions in motor neurons caused by botulinum neurotoxins. These neurotoxins are metalloproteinases that enter the cytosol and very specifically cleave protein components of the neuroexocytosis apparatus. Consequently, acetylcholine cannot be released and the muscle is paralysed. For this reason, botulinum neurotoxins are increasingly being used to treat a variety of conditions where a functional paralysis of neuromuscular junctions is useful as therapy. |
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