Targeted anti-estrogens to treat and prevent diseases in women |
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| Institution: | 1. Senior Research Associate, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;2. Professor of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;2. Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China;3. School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China;4. The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;1. Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;2. Inserm U1117, Paris, France;3. Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Institut Imagine, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France;4. Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France;1. Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea;2. Bonecell Biotech Inc., 77, Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-830, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The estrogen receptor has been successfully targeted with the anti-estrogen tamoxifen to treat all stages of breast cancer. Because tamoxifen is a partial agonist, it exhibits target-site specificity: it acts as an anti-estrogen in the breast to inhibit tumor growth, while exhibiting estrogenic effects on bones and lipid metabolism. Therefore, tamoxifen has the added benefit of maintaining bone density and reducing the risk of myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women.However, undesirable side effects of tamoxifen preclude its use as a hormone replacement therapy for otherwise healthy women. New anti-estrogens are currently being developed that may prevent osteoporosis, breast and endometrial cancer, and reduce the risk of myocardial infarction. |
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