Understanding and exploiting cell signalling convergence nodes and pathway cross-talk in malignant brain cancer |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;2. Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia;3. Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia;1. Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;2. International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Department of Oncology, the 264th Hospital of PLA, Taiyuan, 030001, China;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, 721008, China;3. Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China |
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Abstract: | In cancer, complex intracellular and intercellular signals constantly evolve for the advantage of the tumour cells but to the disadvantage of the whole organism. Decades of intensive research have revealed the critical roles of cellular signalling pathways in regulating complex cell behaviours which influence tumour development, growth and therapeutic response, and ultimately patient outcome. Most studies have focussed on specific pathways and the resulting tumour cell function in a rather linear fashion, partly due to the available methodologies and partly due to the traditionally reductionist approach to research. Advances in cancer research, including genomic technologies have led to a deep appreciation of the complex signals and pathway interactions operating in tumour cells. In this review we examine the role and interaction of three major cell signalling pathways, PI3K, MAPK and cAMP, in regulating tumour cell functions and discuss the prospects for exploiting this knowledge to better treat difficult to treat cancers, using glioblastoma, the most common and deadly malignant brain cancer, as the example disease. |
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