Reduction of high-fat diet-induced liver proinflammatory state by eicosapentaenoic acid plus hydroxytyrosol supplementation: involvement of resolvins RvE1/2 and RvD1/2 |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile;2. Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile;3. Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Chile;4. Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Curicó, Chile;5. Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile;1. Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;2. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;3. Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;1. Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;2. Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA;3. Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;4. Kinesiology Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;1. Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;2. Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA;3. Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St, Medical Research Building Rm 418, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;2. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St, Medical Research Building Rm 418, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA |
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| Abstract: | High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice show obesity with development of liver steatosis and a proinflammatory state without establishing an inflammatory reaction. The aim of this work was to assess the hypothesis that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation prevents the inflammatory reaction through enhancement in the hepatic resolvin content in HFD-fed mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD or a control diet and supplemented with EPA (50 mg/kg/day) and HT (5 mg/kg/day) or their respective vehicles for 12 weeks. Measurements include liver levels of EPA, DHA and palmitate (gas chromatography), liver resolvins and triglyceride (TG) and serum aspartate transaminase (AST) (specific kits) and hepatic and serum inflammatory markers (quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Compared to CD, HFD induced body weight gain, liver steatosis and TG accumulation, with up-regulation of proinflammatory markers in the absence of histological inflammation or serum AST changes; these results were accompanied by higher hepatic levels of resolvins RvE1, RvE2, RvD1 and RvD2, with decreases in EPA and DHA contents. EPA+HT supplementation in HFD feeding synergistically reduced the steatosis score over individual treatments and increased the hepatic levels of EPA, DHA and resolvins, with attenuation of proinflammatory markers. Lack of progression of HFD-induced proinflammatory state into overt inflammation is associated with resolvin up-regulation, which is further increased by EPA+HT supplementation eliciting steatosis attenuation. These findings point to the importance of combined protocols in hepatoprotection due to the involvement of cross-talk mechanisms, which increase effectiveness and diminish dosages, avoiding undesirable effects. |
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