The gelatinases,MMP-2 and MMP-9, as fine tuners of neuroinflammatory processes |
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| Institution: | 2. Neurology and Neuropsychology Department, AP-HM, Marseille, France;3. Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;4. Iproteos S.L., Barcelona, Spain;5. Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain;6. Biology Division, Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland;1. Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chod?ki 4a, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Retinal and Vitreal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, PL 20-079 Lublin, Poland |
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| Abstract: | This review focuses on the complementary roles of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in leukocyte migration into the brain in neuroinflammation, studied mainly in a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that has similarity to the human disease multiple sclerosis. We discuss the cellular sources of MMP-2/MMP-9 in EAE, their sites of activity, and how cleavage of the to-date identified MMP-2/MMP-9 substrates at the blood-brain barrier facilitate leukocyte filtration of the central nervous system (CNS). Where necessary, comparisons are made to inflammatory processes in the periphery and to other MMPs relevant to neuroinflammation. While the general principles concerning MMP-2 and MMP-9 function discussed here are relevant to all inflammatory situations, the details regarding substrates and molecular mechanisms of action are likely to be specific for neuroinflammation. |
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