云南红花种质资源主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

为加强红花种质资源的研究利用,对筛选出的66份云南红花优异种质资源16个形态性状进行聚类分析与主成分分析。结果表明:云南红花种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,多样性指数最高的是果球着粒数,其次是株高、最末分枝高度和千粒重;性状变异系数最大的是分枝总数,其次分别是单株有效果球数和第一分枝高度,最小的为顶果球直径;基于各种质间形态性状的遗传差异,把66份红花种质聚类并划分为6大类群。第Ⅰ类群可作为有增产潜力的亲本材料,第Ⅲ类群可作为高产量目标选育的亲本,第Ⅳ类群可作为大粒型选育亲本,第Ⅴ类群可作为高含油量选育目标亲本,第Ⅵ类群既是大粒型又是高含油量双重选育目标亲本。11个数量性状的主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分累计贡献率达82.59%,第一主成分反映植株高度,第二主成分反映产量构成因子,第三、第四主成分分别反映千粒重和果球着粒数。研究结果表明云南红花地方种质资源的变异较大,遗传较丰富。

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L) Germplasm Resources from Yunnan Province, China

To assess genetic diversity of germplasm resource is very important for breeding of new varieties. We assessed 16 traits of 66 native safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) varieties by both the cluster analysis and the principal components analysis. The resul- ts: there are abound genetic diversity in native safflower varieties from Yunnan. The diversity index of the number of seed per fruit is highest, then plant height, the height of top branch, and 1000 seeds weight. The coefficient variation (CV) of the height of first branch is third highest, after the branches number and the fruits number per plant, while the diameter of top fruit is lowest. By data obtained, 66 native varieties can be divided into 6 groups. The first group can be parents of progenies with high yield potential, the third one can be the parents of progenies with high yield, the fourth group can be parents of progenies with big seeds, the fifth group can be parents of progenies with high oil content, the sixth can be parents of progenies with both high oil content and high yield. The principal comp- onents analysis of 11 traits showed the top four traits principal components account for 82.59% of all principal components, the first one is plant height the second is seed yield components, the third is 1000 seeds weight ,the fourth is the number of seed per fruit. The germplasme resources from Yunnan,China is useful for breeding of new varieties with abound diversity.