Epithelial moulds on the shells of the early Palaeozoic brachiopod Lingulella

A fine hexagonal network of microscopic ridges has been discovered on the internal shell surface of the cosmopolitan Lower Palaeozoic inarticulate genus Lingulella. The micro-ornamentation has been recognised on all well-preserved specimens examined, from Cambrian and Ordovician successions in Ireland, North America, Gt. Britain, Spitzbergen, and China. Examination of the mantle of the related Recent genus Lingula revealed that the outer epithelial cells are arranged in a hexagonal close-packed pattern comparable in size and form to the micro-ornamentation in the fossil shells. This fact, along with the discovery of a polygonal pattern on some organic layers in the Lingula shell, suggests that the micro-ornamentation in fossil Lingulella is the mould of the outer epithelium responsible for shell secretion. No trace of epithelial moulds has yet been found in specimens of Lingula from younger Palaeozoic successions. This difference may prove to be a useful diagnostic feature in distinguishing linguloid inarticulates from one another. Epithelial moulds , Lingulella, Palaeoglossa, Lingula, Cambrian, Ordovician, Recent.