Individual and combined toxicity of three heavy metals,Cu, Cd and Cr for the marine copepod Tisbe holothuriae |
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Authors: | M Moraïtou-Apostolopoulou G Verriopoulos |
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Institution: | (1) Zoological Laboratory, University of Athens, Greece |
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Abstract: | The acute toxicity of Cu, Cd and Cr to the marine copepod Tisbe holothuriae, Humes, was estimated by static bioassays and the LC
inf50
su48h
(in mg/l) was calculated. Copper proved to be the most toxic (LC
inf50
su48h
= 0,08 ± 0,01 mg/l) and chromium the least toxic (LC
inf50
su48h
= 8,14 ± 0,05 mg/l), while cadmium showed an intermediate toxicity (LC
inf50
su48h
= 0,97 ± 0,04 mg/l).In mixtures of the two metals an obvious synergism of the effects was observed in all cases. In all three combinations with two metals (Cu + Cd, Cu + Cr, and Cd + Cr) the mortality was higher than that expected on a purely additive basis. The mixture of the three metals presented a higher toxicity than that of the individual metals acting separately, but lower than that of all two metals mixture. |
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Keywords: | copepods heavy metals acute toxicity synergistic effect |
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