北京松山国家级自然保护区兰科植物多样性及其保护评价

选取北京松山国家级自然保护区开展兰科植物多样性调查和分析，评估其保护现状。松山共有兰科植物12属18种，其中北方盔花兰为北京新记录种。在生活型方面，以地生兰为主，计14种（77．78％），腐生兰4种（22．22％）；在分布区类型方面，属的区系成分以北温带分布为主（6属，5000％），兼有旧世界温带分布（3属，25．00％）、世界分布（2属，16．67％）和旧世界热带分布（1属，8．33％）；种的区系成分以东亚分布为主（9种，50．00％），兼有旧世界温带分布（5种，27．78％）和北温带分布（4种，22．22％）。松山兰科植物集中分布于北沟和小海坨山。通过综合分析松山兰科植物保护现状，提出生境评估、种群动态监测、建立迁地保护资源圃和加大宣传等都是切实加强兰科植物保护工作的可行措施。

Biodiversity and Conservation of Orchids in Songshan National Nature Reserve,Beijing

Orchidaceae is one of the most species-rich families in the world. The biodiversity of Chinese orchids has earned much attention due to the complex geographic environment and climate type in China. Due to uneven distribution of orchid resources, most field surveys and studies have been carried out in the Yangtze River Basin and regions to its south. The biodiversity of orchids in North China has largely been ignored. To protect orchid species, we conducted floristic study and conservation analysis in Songshan National Nature Reserve, Beijing. In total, 18 species in 12 genera were recorded. One species （Galearis roborowskyi） was recorded for the first time in Beijing. For life form, terrestrial orchids were dominant with 14 species （77.78%）, and the remaining orchids （22.22%） were saprophytic. For floristic types of genera, North Temperate was dominant with six genera （50.00%）, followed by Old World Temperate with three genera （25.00%）, Cosmopolitan with two genera （ 16.67%）, and Old World Tropics with one genus （8.33%）. For floristic types of species, East Asia was dominant with nine species （50.00%）, followed by Old World Temperate with five species （27.78%）, and North Temperate with four species （22.22%）. The orchids usually grew under deciduous broadleaf mixed forest in north ravine and Mini-haituo Mountain. Considering the conservation status, we suggest habitat assessment, inspection for orchid population dynamics, ex situ preservation for orchids in uraent danaer and scientific propaclanda are the strateqies to conserve biodiversity in Songshan National Nature Reserve.