基于生态资产的内蒙古生态保护效益评估

生态资产是能够为人类提供生态产品和服务的自然资源资产,生态资产的变化特征可以反应生态保护政策与工程的实施效果。内蒙古地理位置重要,生态系统脆弱,发挥着生态安全屏障作用,是国家生态保护政策与工程实施的重点区域,通过生态资产变化评估内蒙古生态保护效益,对掌握生态状况与保护生态资产具有一定的意义。通过核算森林、灌丛、草地生态资产面积和质量,并建立生态资产综合指数,评估了内蒙古生态资产特征及变化情况。内蒙古生态资产主要以草地生态资产为主,占自然生态资产总面积的73.72%。草地生态资产质量较差,以中级、差级和劣级为主,占草地生态资产的81.03%;森林生态资产质量较好,灌丛生态资产质量也较差。2000-2015年,生态资产综合指数提高了24.91,生态资产面积变化不明显,生态资产质量明显提升,质量提升面积为16.59×10⁴km²。内蒙古整体生态质量水平在缓慢提升,实施的生态保护工程与政策发挥了积极作用。

Assessment of ecological conservation benefit in the Inner Mongolia based on ecological assets

Ecological assets are a part of natural resource assets that provide ecological goods and services. Variation characteristics of ecological assets reflect the effectiveness of ecological protection policies and projects. The Inner Mongolia plays a role of ecological security barrier with an important geographical location. The Inner Mongolia''s ecosystem is fragile, so it is a key area of national ecological protection. It is significance to assess the benefits of ecological assets for assessment ecological status and further protection of ecological assets in Inner Mongolia. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics and changes of ecological assets in the Inner Mongolia over the past 15 years by accounting the quantity and quality of ecological assets, and creating the comprehensive index of ecological assets, which included forests, shrub, and grasslands. The results showed that grassland assets were the main ecological assets in the Inner Mongolia, accounting for 73.72% of the total area of natural ecological assets. The quality of grassland ecological assets was worse, with 81.03% of the total grassland assets area being medium, poor and inferior quality. The quality of forest ecological assets was good and that of shrub ecological assets was poor. The ecological assets comprehensive index of the Inner Mongolia increased 24.91 during 2000 to 2015. However, the area of ecological assets did not change significantly; therefore, the quality of ecological assets improved significantly with the area of quality improvement by 16500 km². The quality of the natural ecological assets increased steadily, and the ecological protection projects and policies played a positive role in improving the quality of natural ecological assets in the Inner Mongolia.