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Cellular and extracellular miRNAs are blood‐compartment‐specific diagnostic targets in sepsis
Authors:Marlene Reithmair  Dominik Buschmann  Melanie Märte  Benedikt Kirchner  Daniel Hagl  Ines Kaufmann  Martina Pfob  Alexander Chouker  Ortrud K Steinlein  Michael W Pfaffl  Gustav Schelling
Institution:1. Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University, Munich, Germany;2. Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany;3. Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University, Munich, Germany;4. Department of Anaesthesiology, Neuperlach Hospital, City Hospitals of Munich, Munich, Germany
Abstract:Septic shock is a common medical condition with a mortality approaching 50% where early diagnosis and treatment are of particular importance for patient survival. Novel biomarkers that serve as prompt indicators of sepsis are urgently needed. High‐throughput technologies assessing circulating microRNAs represent an important tool for biomarker identification, but the blood‐compartment specificity of these miRNAs has not yet been investigated. We characterized miRNA profiles from serum exosomes, total serum and blood cells (leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets) of sepsis patients by next‐generation sequencing and RT‐qPCR (n = 3 × 22) and established differences in miRNA expression between blood compartments. In silico analysis was used to identify compartment‐specific signalling functions of differentially regulated miRNAs in sepsis‐relevant pathways. In septic shock, a total of 77 and 103 miRNAs were down‐ and up‐regulated, respectively. A majority of these regulated miRNAs (14 in serum, 32 in exosomes and 73 in blood cells) had not been previously associated with sepsis. We found a distinctly compartment‐specific regulation of miRNAs between sepsis patients and healthy volunteers. Blood cellular miR‐199b‐5p was identified as a potential early indicator for sepsis and septic shock. miR‐125b‐5p and miR‐26b‐5p were uniquely regulated in exosomes and serum, respectively, while one miRNA (miR‐27b‐3p) was present in all three compartments. The expression of sepsis‐associated miRNAs is compartment‐specific. Exosome‐derived miRNAs contribute significant information regarding sepsis diagnosis and survival prediction and could serve as newly identified targets for the development of novel sepsis biomarkers.
Keywords:sepsis  exosome  blood compartment  liquid biopsy  miRNA  biomarker
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