Cocoa flavanols lower vascular arginase activity in human endothelial cells in vitro and in erythrocytes in vivo |
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Authors: | Schnorr Oliver Brossette Tatjana Momma Tony Y Kleinbongard Petra Keen Carl L Schroeter Hagen Sies Helmut |
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Institution: | a Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Building 22.03, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany b Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA c Medical Clinic I, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany |
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Abstract: | The availability of l-arginine can be a rate-limiting factor for cellular NO production by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Arginase competes with NOS for l-arginine as the common substrate. Increased arginase activity has been linked to low NO levels, and an inhibition of arginase activity has been reported to improve endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Based on the above, we hypothesized that an increase in the circulating NO pool following flavanol consumption could be correlated with decreased arginase activity. To test this hypothesis we (a) investigated the effects of (−)-epicatechin and its structurally related metabolites on endothelial arginase expression and activity in vitro; (b) evaluated the effects of dietary flavanol-rich cocoa on kidney arginase activity in vivo; and (c) assessed human erythrocyte arginase activity following flavanol-rich cocoa beverage consumption in a double-blind intervention study with cross-over design. The results demonstrate that cocoa flavanols lower arginase-2 mRNA expression and activity in HUVEC. Dietary intervention with flavanol-rich cocoa caused diminished arginase activity in rat kidney and, erythrocyte arginase activity was lowered in healthy humans following consumption of a high flavanol beverage in vivo. |
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Keywords: | Arginase Cocoa Flavanols l-Arginine" target="_blank">l-Arginine Erythrocytes Nitric oxide Endothelium (&minus )-Epicatechin |
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