养殖水质原位自净微生物诱导及复合应用

本文采用原位诱导有益微生物（污水菌、芽胞杆菌、硝化菌和副球菌等）,复合添加外源的有益微生物（金藻、栅藻、硅藻、芽胞杆菌、光合菌、酵母菌和EM（effective microorganisms）菌等）,在养殖水体中建立稳定的有益微生物复合菌群,使水体中亚硝酸氮和氨氮清除率分别可达100%和99%。并进一步利用这些菌群在小红鲫鱼（red crucian carp）和南美白对虾（Penaeus vannamei）养殖中进行原位水质净化应用。在小红鲫鱼养殖水质原位自净中,无需清污和换水,就可长期维持水环境完全稳定,连续养殖50 d以上,水中未检测出亚硝酸氮,氨氮低于0.2 mg/L,稳定在优质安全的养殖环境;在南美白对虾养殖中,投菌后初期水体亚硝酸氮较快下降,第10 d后氨氮浓度也降至养殖安全范围内,形成稳定安全的养殖水质环境。实验效果显著,表明微生物菌群原位水质自净技术具有推广应用前景。

In situ self-cleaning microbial induction and application in aquaculture water

We used in situ inducing beneficial microorganisms(Aquamicrobium, Bacillus, Nitrobacter, Paracoccus and so on) and added some effective microorganisms (Chrysophyta, Scenedesmus, Diatom, Bacillus, Photosynthetic, Yeast and so on) to form a stable and beneficial microbial flora in aquaculture water. The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen could reach up to 100% and 99%, respectively. Then, the in situ water purification technology was applied in red crucian carp and Penaeus vannamei aquacultures: the water environment could be fully stabilized for a long time without cleaning or changing the water, and after 50 days of continuous culture of red crucian carp, the concentrations of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the water were close to 0 and lower than 0.2 mg/L, respectively. When these microorganisms were added to the culture pool of Penaeus vannamei, the nitrite nitrogen of the water decreased rapidly, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was also reduced to aquaculture safe range in ten days, and a stable and safe culture water environment was gradually established. These results show that the microbial in situ water self-purification technology can be application on aquaculture industry or ornamental fish industry.